Higher Education

Higher Education:. 
Higher education, post-secondary education, tertiary education or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after secondary education. Often delivered at universities academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of  technology, higher education is also available through certain college level institutions, including vocational school, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic degree or professional certifications.  The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by  every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction". In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education.

Overview of Higher Education:.
Higher education is an educational level that follows a completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or gymnasium. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges, universities and institute of technology are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Examples of institutions that provide post-secondary education are vocational school, community colleges, independent colleges, and universities in the United State, the institutes of technical and further education in Australia, pre-university colleges in Quebec, and the IEKs in Greece. They are sometimes known collectively as tertiary institutions. Completion of a tertiary education program of study generally results in the awarding of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, and social services activities of universities. Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate level. The latter level of  education is often referred to as graduate school, especially in North America.
In many developed countries, a high proportion of the population , now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers command a significant wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers.
There are two types of higher education in the UK higher academic education , and higher vocational education. Higher education in the United States and Canada specifically refers to post-secondary institutions that offer Associate's degrees, Bachelor's degrees. Master's degrees, education Specialist degrees or Doctor of Philosophy degrees, or their equivalents, and also higher professional degrees in areas such as dentistry, law, medicine, optometry, pharmacology and veterinary medicine.
Such institutions may also offer non-degree certificates, which indicate completion of a set of courses comprising a body of knowledge on a  particular topic, but the granting of such certificates is not the primary purpose of the institutions. Tertiary education is not a term used in reference to post secondary institutions in the United States or Canada.

Entrance Standards:. Reading, Mathematics and writing 
Demonstrated ability in reading, mathematics, and writing, as typically measured in the United States by the SAT or similar tests such as the ACT, have often replaced colleges' individual entrance exams, and is often required for admission to higher education. There is some question as to whether advance mathematical skills or talent are in fact necessary for field such as history, English, philosophy, or art.